TYPES OF RESEARCH USING A QUALITATIVE APPROACH

Abstract

This article aims to identify, describe, and analyze four types of qualitative research approaches along
with their characteristics and implementation procedures, specifically in the context of Islamic
Religious Education. The method used is a literature study by reviewing various relevant sources on
qualitative research methodology. The results of the study show that there are four main approaches
in qualitative research, namely ethnography, grounded theory, case studies, and phenomenology.
Ethnography focuses on understanding group culture through long-term participant observation.
Grounded theory aims to develop substantive theories rooted in empirical data through multi-level
analysis. Case studies conduct in-depth investigations of a case in a real-life context with data
triangulation. Phenomenology seeks to capture the essence of human experience of a particular
phenomenon. Each approach has different characteristics, advantages, and procedures, so the
selection of the appropriate approach depends heavily on the research questions, research objectives,
and characteristics of the phenomenon being studied. This article also discusses the application of
these four approaches in Islamic Religious Education research, including studies on pesantren
culture, religious learning processes, Islamic education programs, and the experience of religiosity. A
comprehensive understanding of these four approaches is important for researchers to produce valid,
credible, and meaningful qualitative research in the field of Islamic Religious Education.